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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to create the delicious coffee we enjoy. How exactly does it work?

Espresso is created by forcing hot water under pressure through finely-ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However, the pressure is the major difference.

The Group Head

The group head is the portafilter you insert when brewing espresso. It disperses water in the portafilter and controls the pressure of the extraction. There are numerous kinds of group heads each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Some are focused on temperature stability, some on pre-infusion capabilities, and still others are designed to control the lever. Some come with a combination of both, like the E61. This is a very popular choice for baristas as it provides a variety of advantages in one package.

As you can see in the above image The group head features several notches where you put your portafilter, then twist it by hand to secure it. There is also a gasket made of rubber that resides inside the notches and helps create the seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches on the head allow for a precise positioning of the portafilter which is vital to ensure a consistent extraction.

Aside from allowing you to easily place your portafilter in, the group head is responsible to ensure that the temperature remains even. It does this by circulating hot water through the brew basket and around the portafilter to ensure that it is always at the right temperature to extract. This is important, as even a few degrees can make the difference between good and excellent espresso.

The Pump

Motorized pumps in rotary espresso machines supply the nine atmospheric bar pressure that is required to extract espresso. This is different from manually operated piston machines that employ levers. This pressure builds up by drawing tap water from a reservoir and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior to it is shot through the ground coffee inside the group head.

Pumps tend to be less expensive than piston-driven machines and tend to last longer, but both types of machine can become damaged due to excessive use and poor cleaning. They also add mechanical complexity which can result in a high price tag on even the most basic models.

Some espresso machines make use of steam pressure instead of a pump to make espresso. The drawback of this is that the same boiler that produces steam also raises the temperature of water to boiling and can result in excessive extraction. In addition these machines are often required to restore their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

A large majority of espresso machines employ the rotary or vibration pump. A vibration model employs a rotating disk to generate pressure, whereas the Rotary model pushes hot coffee through the ground at high speed. Both models can produce an excellent espresso, however rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler will heat the water to a temperature that is ideal for extraction. The steam created reaches the portafilter, which contains the espresso coffee grounds. It is then funneled into the cup. The steam is able to create enough pressure to push the grounds of coffee through. This creates a crema on the top of the espresso. This is one of the main characteristics of a good espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers, which differ in the type of pump they employ and the degree of heat that the brew is. There are a variety of ways in which the brew could be controlled and the size of the cup the maker can create.

The earliest espresso machines were steam type. The first espresso machines were steam types. The coffee tasted bitter and burnt. The modern espresso machine was created by the Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most commonly used italian espresso machine maker is a semi-automatic machine with an electric pump. These are the things people think of when they imagine an espresso machine. With a semi-automatic machine, you must grind the beans and tamp them yourself but the pump regulates the flow of water and pressure. This is a great compromise between the human touch and the mechanised quality.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines use a filter to separate out the grounds of coffee when they pass through the hot water. The filter is also an essential part of the temperature control system, as it prevents the machine from overheating.

It also improves flavor, as a filter allows for a more prolonged bloom phase. This helps the beans to release their flavors and provides an opportunity for a better extraction.

It is important to keep in mind that even the best filter can make a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans, and the extraction, remain crucial.

This is where the magic happens, it's what makes an espresso really taste great. The grouphead (also known as the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter, the thingy that you put the coffee grounds into, espressomachines when making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines make use of hot water heated in an airtight vessel to create steam. The steam then pushes hot water through the coffee grounds under high pressure. These machines are cheaper and easier for the owner to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are not as efficient in their capacity to create the ideal conditions for brewing since they operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure, while the perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed-air-pump-driven espresso machine sale machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air-compressor to push hot water through the ground, and are more mobile than steam-driven electric espresso machines.