Pragmatic's History Of Pragmatic In 10 Milestones
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작성자 Nereida Dutton 댓글 0건 조회 3회 작성일 24-10-17 04:29본문
Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' understanding of the need to be pragmatic and the relationship advantages they were able to draw from were crucial. RIs from TS & ZL, for example, cited their local professor relationship as a major factor in their decision to stay clear of criticising a strict prof (see the example 2).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a common tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also some disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT cannot take into account cultural and personal variations in communication. Furthermore, the DCT is susceptible to bias and may result in overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully prior to using it for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to influence social variables related to politeness is a plus. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics the DCT is now one of the most important tools for analyzing learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to study a variety of issues, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of the learners' speech.
A recent study used a DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors concluded that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. The researchers cautioned that the DCT must be employed with caution. They also suggested using other methods of data collection.
DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, 프라그마틱 정품인증 like content and form. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test creators. They may not be precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires further research on alternative methods of assessing the ability to refuse.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email versus those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and used hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. The participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate level who responded to MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatism norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current lives as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data were examined to identify the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were compared to their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. The interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, which led to an inadequate knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to converge toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis in the space of two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders independent of each other who then coded them. The coders worked in an iterative manner, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process were compared to the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behaviors.
Interviews with Refusal
The central question in pragmatic research is: Why do some learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research sought to answer this question by using various experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and 프라그마틱 환수율 RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were required to reflect on their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they were able to create patterns that resembled natives. They were also aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors such as their identities and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and affordances. They outlined, for 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 instance how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and cultural norms at their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and punishments they could face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might perceive them as "foreignersand believe that they are ignorant. This concern was similar in nature to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should consider reassessing the validity of these tests in different contexts and in particular situations. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the classroom behavior and interactions of students in L2. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep studies to study a specific subject. This method makes use of various sources of data, such as interviews, observations, and documents to prove its findings. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods.
In a case study the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the subject are important for research and which can be omitted. It is also helpful to review the existing literature to gain a better understanding of the subject. It will also help put the issue in a wider theoretical context.
This study was conducted on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment revealed that L2 Korean learners were highly vulnerable to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from accurate pragmatic inference. They also exhibited an inclination to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from their response quality.
The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had reached level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were given two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their co-workers and were asked to select one of the following strategies to use when making a request. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personalities. TS, for example said she was difficult to approach and was hesitant to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they were working at a high rate, even though she thought native Koreans would.
In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' understanding of the need to be pragmatic and the relationship advantages they were able to draw from were crucial. RIs from TS & ZL, for example, cited their local professor relationship as a major factor in their decision to stay clear of criticising a strict prof (see the example 2).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a common tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also some disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT cannot take into account cultural and personal variations in communication. Furthermore, the DCT is susceptible to bias and may result in overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully prior to using it for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to influence social variables related to politeness is a plus. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics the DCT is now one of the most important tools for analyzing learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to study a variety of issues, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of the learners' speech.
A recent study used a DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors concluded that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. The researchers cautioned that the DCT must be employed with caution. They also suggested using other methods of data collection.
DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, 프라그마틱 정품인증 like content and form. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test creators. They may not be precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires further research on alternative methods of assessing the ability to refuse.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email versus those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and used hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. The participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate level who responded to MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatism norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current lives as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data were examined to identify the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were compared to their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. The interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, which led to an inadequate knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to converge toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis in the space of two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders independent of each other who then coded them. The coders worked in an iterative manner, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process were compared to the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behaviors.
Interviews with Refusal
The central question in pragmatic research is: Why do some learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research sought to answer this question by using various experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and 프라그마틱 환수율 RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were required to reflect on their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they were able to create patterns that resembled natives. They were also aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors such as their identities and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and affordances. They outlined, for 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 instance how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and cultural norms at their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and punishments they could face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might perceive them as "foreignersand believe that they are ignorant. This concern was similar in nature to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should consider reassessing the validity of these tests in different contexts and in particular situations. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the classroom behavior and interactions of students in L2. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep studies to study a specific subject. This method makes use of various sources of data, such as interviews, observations, and documents to prove its findings. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods.
In a case study the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the subject are important for research and which can be omitted. It is also helpful to review the existing literature to gain a better understanding of the subject. It will also help put the issue in a wider theoretical context.
This study was conducted on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment revealed that L2 Korean learners were highly vulnerable to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from accurate pragmatic inference. They also exhibited an inclination to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from their response quality.
The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had reached level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were given two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their co-workers and were asked to select one of the following strategies to use when making a request. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personalities. TS, for example said she was difficult to approach and was hesitant to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they were working at a high rate, even though she thought native Koreans would.
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